Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It often results in the formation of pimples, black heads, whiteheads, and sometimes deeper cysts or nodules. Acne is most commonly found on the face, chest, back, and shoulders. 

Several factors can trigger or contribute to acne development, including:

1. Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormone levels, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, or hormonal imbalances, can stimulate the overproduction of oil and contribute to acne.

2. Excess oil production: When the sebaceous glands produce too much oil, it can mix with dead skin cells and clog the hair follicles, leading to acne.

3. Bacteria: The presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) bacteria on the skin can worsen acne by causing inflammation and infection.

4. Clogged pores: Factors such as dirt, sweat, and certain cosmetic products can contribute to the clogging of pores, leading to acne breakouts.

Treatment options for acne can vary depending on the severity and type of acne. Common approaches include:

1. Topical treatments: Over-the-counter or prescription creams, gels, or lotions containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids can help unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and promote skin cell turnover.

2. Oral medications: In more severe cases, oral antibiotics, hormonal medications (such as oral contraceptives or spironolactone), or isotretinoin (a potent medication derived from vitamin A) may be prescribed.

3. Professional procedures: Dermatologists may offer procedures like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, or laser therapy to help improve acne and acne scars.

To prevent and manage acne, you can adopt the following practices:

1. Keep your face clean: Gently cleanse your face twice a day using a mild, non-comedogenic cleanser. Avoid harsh scrubbing, which can irritate the skin.

2. Avoid picking or popping pimples: This can worsen inflammation, lead to scarring, and spread bacteria.

3. Use non-comedogenic products: Choose oil-free, non-comedogenic cosmetics, sunscreens, and skincare products to avoid clogging pores.

4. Practice good skincare habits: Moisturize regularly, protect your skin from excessive sun exposure, and avoid prolonged skin contact with helmets, headbands, or other items that can trap sweat and oil.

5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Follow a balanced diet, manage stress levels, and get regular exercise and sufficient sleep.

The ideal time to start acne treatment is as soon as you notice persistent or worsening acne. Early treatment can help prevent acne from progressing and reduce the risk of scarring. If over-the-counter treatments are ineffective, it’s advisable to consult a dermatologist for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.